The transistor was a much smaller, more efficient, and more reliable alternative to the vacuum tube. They were working at Bell Labs and their invention revolutionized electronics. The transistor was invented in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley. In this article, we will explain the basic operation of the NPN transistor. It is the workhorse of the digital world and its operation is essential to understanding how digital devices function. The NPN transistor is important because it is used in nearly all digital circuits. It is made of two regions of n-type material separated by a thin layer of p-type material. The operation of an NPN transistor is a semiconductor device used for amplification and switching. It is a three-terminal device consisting of a base, emitter and collector. The full form of the NPN transistor is the Negative-Positive-Negative transistor. This difference causes the current to flow from the emitter to the collector. When current flows into the base, it creates a voltage difference between the base and the emitter. The emitter, base, and collector are the three terminals. The symbol for the NPN transistor is shown on the right.

The NPN transistor is a three-terminal device that amplifies or switches electronic signals.

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